Generics

1. Introducing Generics
   

   Generics enable types (classes and interfaces) to be parameters when defining classes, interfaces and methods. Much like the more familiar formal parameters used in method declarations, type parameters provide a way for you to re-use the same code with different inputs.

2. Type Inference
   

   Type inference is a Java compiler's ability to look at each method invocation and corresponding declaration to determine the type argument (or arguments) that make the invocation applicable.

3. Wildcards
   

   In generic code, the question mark (?), called the wildcard, represents an unknown type. The following section discuss wildcards in more detail, including upper bounded wildcards, lower bounded wildcards, and wildcard capture.

4. Type Erasure
   

   Type erasure ensures that no new classes are created for parameterized types; consequently, generics incur no runtime overhead.

5. Restriction on Generics
   

   Restrictions on using Generics.

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